Иррационаллă функцисен интегралĕсен йышĕ

Аяларах иррационаллă функцисен интегралĕсен (умсăнарĕсен) йышне илсе кăтартнă. Пур çĕрте те аддитивлă констаттăна катертнĕ.

a² + x² тымарĕллĕ интегралсем

Аяларах пур çĕрте те: $r={\sqrt {a^{2}+x^{2}}}$.

$\int r\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xr+a^{2}\,\ln \left({x+r}\right)\right)$

$\int r^{3}\;dx={\frac {1}{4}}xr^{3}+{\frac {1}{8}}3a^{2}xr+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int r^{5}\;dx={\frac {1}{6}}xr^{5}+{\frac {5}{24}}a^{2}xr^{3}+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{4}xr+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{6}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int xr^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int x^{2}r\;dx={\frac {xr^{3}}{4}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr}{8}}-{\frac {a^{4}}{8}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int x^{2}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {xr^{5}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{24}}-{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}-{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int x^{3}r\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int x^{3}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int x^{3}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}-{\frac {a^{3}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int x^{4}r\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{3}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{8}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}+{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int x^{4}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{5}}{8}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{5}}{16}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr^{3}}{64}}+{\frac {3a^{6}xr}{128}}+{\frac {3a^{8}}{128}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int x^{5}r\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int x^{5}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{9}}{9}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int x^{5}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+7}}{2n+7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int {\frac {r\;dx}{x}}=r-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|=r-a\operatorname {arsh} {\frac {a}{x}}$

$\int {\frac {r^{3}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}+a^{2}r-a^{3}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {r^{5}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{4}r-a^{5}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {r^{7}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{6}r-a^{7}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{r}}=\operatorname {arsh} {\frac {x}{a}}=\ln \left|x+r\right|$

$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r}}=r$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{r}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\,\operatorname {arsh} {\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left|x+r\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{xr}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\operatorname {arsh} {\frac {a}{x}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

x² − a² тымарĕллĕ интегралсем

Аяларах пур тĕлте те: $s={\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}$.

Йышăннă: $x^{2}>a^{2}$; енчен те $x^{2}<a^{2}$ пулсан, тепĕр секцие пăхăр.

$\int s\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xs-a^{2}\ln \left(x+s\right)\right)$

$\int xs\;dx=-{\frac {1}{3}}s^{3}$

$\int {\frac {s\;dx}{x}}=s-a\cos ^{-1}\left|{\frac {a}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s}}=\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}}=\ln \left|x+s\right|$

Асăрхăпăр, что $\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|=\mathrm {sgn} (x)\operatorname {arch} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|={\frac {1}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+s}{x-s}}\right)$, где $\operatorname {arch} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|$ принимает только положительные значения.

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s}}=s$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{s}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{3s^{3}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{5s^{5}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)s^{2n-1}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{2n-1}}{\frac {x^{2m-1}}{s^{2n-1}}}+{\frac {2m-1}{2n-1}}\int {\frac {x^{2m-2}\;dx}{s^{2n-1}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {xs}{2}}+{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {x^{3}s}{4}}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xs+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{3}}}={\frac {xs}{2}}-{\frac {a^{2}x}{s}}+{\frac {3}{2}}a^{2}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=(-1)^{n-m}{\frac {1}{a^{2(n-m)}}}\sum _{i=0}^{n-m-1}{\frac {1}{2(m+i)+1}}{n-m-1 \choose i}{\frac {x^{2(m+i)+1}}{s^{2(m+i)+1}}},$ где $n>m\geq 0$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x}{s}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{5}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{9}}}={\frac {1}{a^{8}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {3}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {3}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}-{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x^{3}}{3s^{3}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{7}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{9}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {2}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}+{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

a² − x² тымарĕллĕ интегралсем

Аяларах пур тĕлте те: $t={\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leqslant |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int t\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xt+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xt-a^{2}\arccos {\frac {x}{a}}\right)$

$\int xt\;dx=-{\frac {1}{3}}t^{3}$

$\int {\frac {t\;dx}{x}}=t-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+t}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{t}}=\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{t}}=-t$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{t}}=-{\frac {x}{2}}t+{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}$

$\int t\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xt-\operatorname {sgn} x\,\operatorname {arch} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|\right)$

Тăваткал пĕтĕмĕшле виçпайташлăх тымарĕллĕ интегралсем

Кунта: $R=ax^{2}+bx+c$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln \left|2{\sqrt {aR}}+2ax+b\right|\qquad {\mbox{( }}a>0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\,\operatorname {arsh} {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}>0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln |2ax+b|\quad {\mbox{( }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}=0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {-a}}}\arcsin {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}a<0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}<0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{3}}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{(4ac-b^{2}){\sqrt {R}}}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{5}}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{3(4ac-b^{2}){\sqrt {R}}}}\left({\frac {1}{R}}+{\frac {8a}{4ac-b^{2}}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{2n+1}}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{(2n-1)(4ac-b^{2})R^{(2n-1)/2}}}+{\frac {8a(n-1)}{(2n-1)(4ac-b^{2})}}\int {\frac {dx}{R^{(2n-1)/2}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}={\frac {\sqrt {R}}{a}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {R}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{\sqrt {(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{3}}}}=-{\frac {2bx+4c}{(4ac-b^{2}){\sqrt {R}}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{\sqrt {(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{2n+1}}}}=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)aR^{(2n-1)/2}}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R^{(2n+1)/2}}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\ln \left({\frac {2{\sqrt {cR}}+bx+2c}{x}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\operatorname {arsh} \left({\frac {bx+2c}{|x|{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}}\right)$

$\int {\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}\,dx=({\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {b}{4a}}){\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}+({\frac {c}{2}}-{\frac {b^{2}}{8a}})\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}\qquad$, где последний интеграл находится в зависимости от параметров a,b и c (см. выше)

Линлле функцин тымарĕллĕ интегралсем

$\int {\frac {dx}{x{\sqrt {ax+b}}}}\,=\,{\frac {-2}{\sqrt {b}}}\operatorname {arth} {\sqrt {\frac {ax+b}{b}}}$

$\int {\frac {\sqrt {ax+b}}{x}}\,dx\;=\;2\left({\sqrt {ax+b}}-{\sqrt {b}}\operatorname {arth} {\sqrt {\frac {ax+b}{b}}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {x^{n}}{\sqrt {ax+b}}}\,dx\;=\;{\frac {2}{a(2n+1)}}\left(x^{n}{\sqrt {ax+b}}-bn\int {\frac {x^{n-1}}{\sqrt {ax+b}}}\,dx\right)$

$\int x^{n}{\sqrt {ax+b}}\,dx\;=\;{\frac {2}{2n+1}}\left(x^{n+1}{\sqrt {ax+b}}+bx^{n}{\sqrt {ax+b}}-nb\int x^{n-1}{\sqrt {ax+b}}\,dx\right)$

Библиографи

Кĕнекесем

• Градштейн И. С. Рыжик И. М. Таблицы интегралов, сумм, рядов и произведений. — 4-е изд. — М.: Наука, 1963. — ISBN 0-12-294757-6 // EqWorld
• Двайт Г. Б. Таблицы интегралов СПб: Издательство и типография АО ВНИИГ им. Б. В. Веденеева, 1995. — 176 с. — ISBN 5-85529-029-8.
• D. Zwillinger. CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae, 31st ed., 2002. ISBN 1-58488-291-3.
• M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 1964. ISBN 0-486-61272-4

Интегралсен таблицисем

• Интегралы на EqWorld
• S.O.S. Mathematics: Tables and Formulas

Интегралсене шутлани

• The Integrator (Wolfram Research)
• Империя Чисел
• Методы вычисления неопределённых интегралов